Object Details
- Introduction
- The continuing traditions of the original inhabitants of this nation were presented in the Native Americans area by representatives of the more than 200 Native American communities throughout the United States. Working with the Smithsonian, they had examined their traditions and created the programs, speaking to their way of life today and their hopes for the future. The Native Americans area was designed with Native traditions in mind. The entire area lay within a circle that represented the wholeness of life, emphasizing that, in Native philosophy, everything is interrelated. A corn field formed the outlying circle; corn, the contribution of Native Americans to the peoples of the world, is regarded as the gift of Mother Earth. With squash and beans sharing the field, the entire area was thus surrounded by the three staple foods of the Southwest, the "three sisters" of the Iroquois. The Learning Center, designed by architect Dennis Sun Rhodes, Arapaho, faces East, the direction of sunrise and of life, and visitors were intended to proceed inside sunwise, in a circle. In its design and in its presentations of music, crafts, dance, and discussion, the Native Americans area honored the first Americans. Building upon six years of programming during preceding Festivals, the Bicentennial presentations presented a region-by-region overview of American Indian folklife: June 16-20, Northeast (Six Nations, Iroquois, Mohawk, Seneca, Onandaga, Tuscarora, Algonkian, Passamaquoddy, Penobscot, Shinnecock, Hassanamisco, Nanticoke, Susquehanna, Wampanoag, Narragansett, Gay Head, Mohegan, Schaghticoke) June 23-27, Great Lakes (Oneida, Ojibwa) July 1-5, Southeast (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole, Tuscarora, Muskogee, Tunica-Biloxi of Louisiana, Mattaponi, Houma Tribe of Louisiana, Alabama Creek, Lumbee) July 7-11, Southern Plains (Comanche, Kiowa, Kiowa Apache, Omaha, Pawnee, Ponca, Southern Cheyenne) July 14-18, Prairie (Sac and Fox) July 21-25, Northern Plains (Northern Cheyenne) July 28-August 1, Northwest Coast (Alaska Federation of Natives, Confederated Tribes of Siletz, Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation) August 4-8, Southwest (San Juan Pueblo, Navaho, White Mountain Apache, Comanche) August 11-15, Plateau (Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakima Indian Nation, Ute, Klamath) August 18-22, Basin (Northern Paiute, Southern Paiute, Washo, Western Shoshone, Walker River Paiute) August 25-29, Northern California (Miwok, Wintun, Pomo, Yurok, Karok, Tolowa, Hupa, Klamath, Tchinook, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla, Quileute) September 2-6, Arctic (Alaska Federation of Natives) Lucille Dawson served as program coordinator, assisted by Thomas Kavanagh. The multi-year program was shaped by the Native Americans Advisory Group, including Louis Bruce, Rayna Green, Dell Hymes, Clydia Nahwooksy, Alfonso Ortiz, and William Sturtevant.
- Participants
- Northern Plains Northern Cheyenne Harry Littlebird, Sr., gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer Annie Joyce Littlebird, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, cook Richard Littlebird, dancer, gourd dance, hand game Serena Littlebird, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts Limona Littlebird, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts Rose Ann Littlebird, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts Ginger Littlebird, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts Theresa Brady, dancer, gourd dance, arts & crafts, cook Curtis Brady, dancer, gourd dance, hand game Steve Brady, dancer, gourd dance, hand game Egonn Brady, dancer, gourd dance, hand game Elsie Wick, hand game, arts & crafts, cook Donna Wick, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, cook Christine Wick, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts James Wick, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts Dennis Wick, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts Ernest King, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer Grover Wolfvoice, 1890-1978, hand game, arts & crafts Dale Brady, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts Joe Lonewolf, dancer, gourd dance, arts & crafts, singer Crawford Lonewolf, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, singer Charles Brady, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer Arnie Brady, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, cook Hilda Manley, dance, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, cook James Littlebird, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer Harriet Littlebird, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, cook Geofredo Littlebird, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, singer Clinton Birdhat, dancer, hand game, singer Marlene Belly Mule, dancer, gourd dance, arts & crafts, cook Ruth Littlebird, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, cook Stacey Gwen Littlebird, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts Rose Medicine Elk, hand game, arts & crafts, cook John Medicine Elk, Sr., gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer John Killsontop, Sr., gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer Rose Killsontop, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, cook Mike Bearcomesout, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer Robert Bearchum, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer Robert Redwoman, hand game, arts -- & -- crafts, singer Mary Redwoman, hand game, arts & crafts, cook Elmer Fightingbear, dancer, hand game, arts & crafts, singer Tommy Rockroads, dancer, hand game, arts & crafts, singer Dave Glenmora, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer Wilson Brady, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer Tim Littleboy, dancer, hand game, arts & crafts Webby Runsabove, dancer, hand game, arts & crafts, singer Billy Runsabove, dancer, hand game, arts & crafts, singer Fernando Littlebird, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer Steve Littlebird, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer, coordinator Northwest Coast Les Houck Merle Holmes Charles Rick Charles McKnight Edmund Ben Delores Pigsley Archie Ben Paul Jackson Shirley Walker Raymond Ben Judy McKnight Melvin McKnight Bunni Houck Jerry Running Foxe Paulene Rick Joe McKnight Randy Rick Boby Dumont Victoria Ben Dave Harley Carlene Easter Delbert Bell Caroline Easter Alaska Federation of Natives Judy Brady Herman Davis Ruth Farquhar Sharon Frank Larry Garrity Laura Eliz Joseph Larry Judy Alice Kitka Marla Kitka Donna Lang Dorothy Lord Tim McGraw Lillian Nielsen Mike Spoon Martin Strand, Jr. Martina Strand Marlene Thomas Cynthia Williams Ethel Williams Karin Williams Janice Williams Isabella Brady Ethel Makinen George Ramos Marie Thiemeyer Margy Johnson Southwest Amos Beatty Jimmy Thompson Charles Henry Ron Quay Wilkie Dazen John Chissay Mike Cooley Pat Cooley Bruce Cooley Theresa Truesdell Myrna Tessay Wilfred Peaches Manuelita Early Jerry Lupe Mike Truesdell Bernice Endfield Lula Machuse Azlie Lupe Pheobe Gooday Nelson Lupe, Sr. Shirleen Bullock Beverly Machuse June Marie Dale Ophelia Peaches Maria Endfield Umatilla Traditional Long House Group from Pendleton, Oregon Edith K. McCloud, narrator, bead worker Lillian E. Hoptowit, craftsperson, bead worker Terry L. Hoptowit, dancer Rosie McCloud, dancer Eliza B. Nez, dancer Joseph P. Tias, dancer Bernadette B. Nez, dancer Anthony G. Hoptowit Sr., crafts Anna Marie Brown, buckskin worker James Hoptowit, dancer Donna B. Nikolaide, dancer, assist. Willard D. Showay, singer Arthur Williams, singer, crafts-beadwork Lonnie R. Selam Sr., singer William A. Johnson Sr., feather worker Mrs. Arthur Williams, bead worker Phillip Jackson, dancer, assist. Eliza Bill, coordinator Norma June Mosquito, dancer Beksee Mosquito, singer, drummer John Willard Hoptowit, dancer Maisie McCloud, dancer David Dean McKay, dancer Babette Cowapoo, dancer Ellen Taylor, dancer Julie Taylor, dancer Alberta Taylor, dancer Ellen Johnson, bead worker Cidric Bill, dancer Anthony G. Hoptowit Jr., dancer Emile Bill, dancer Robert Bill, dancer Sheila Bill, dancer Sonny Gail McCloud, dancer Angie McCloud, dancer Raphael Bill, dancer, assist. Veva E. Bill, storyteller Sylvester Selam, dancer Gabriel Selam, singer Sandy Sampson, dancer, narrator, sign language The Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakima Indian Nation of Toppenash, Washington will also be featured. Simon Sampson is the coordinator. We will feature the Ute Reservation led by Gwen Mojado, the Inter-Tribal Council of Nevada led by Harold Wyatt, and the Klamath Tribe of Oregon led by Leonard Norris. Northern California Miwok Tribe William Franklin, dancer, lecturer, hand game player Cora Franklin, dancer, lecturer, hand game player Margaret Villa, dancer, lecturer, jewelry maker Theresa Coy, dancer, lecturer, hand game player Karl Mathiesen, dancer, lecturer, hand game player Inez Mathiesen, dancer, lecturer, hand game player David Franklin, dancer, lecturer, hand game player Ronnie Franklin, dancer, lecturer, hand game player James Franklin, dancer, lecturer, hand game player Norman Franklin, dancer, lecturer, hand game player Robert Coy, dancer, lecturer, hand game player Elaine Barber, dancer, lecturer, hand game player Dorothy Stanley, food demonstration, lecturer Dwight Zutchke, dancer, lecturer Wintun Tribe Mary Norton, food sales Frances McDaniel, basket maker Pomo Tribe Elsie Allen, 1899-1990, basket maker, Ukiah, California Yurok Tribe Elaine Glairy, jewelry maker Mary Birchfield, food sales Ollie Foseide, 1921-, basket maker, Hoopa, California Warren Abbott, food sales, dancer Lareta James, dancer, singer Dewey George, 1899-1985, boat maker, dance leader, McKinleyville, California Rosie Silva, dancer, singer Julius Aubrey, boat making assistant, dancer Oscar Taylor, net maker, singer, dancer Eileen Figueroa, basket maker, singer Sam Jones, 1913-1996, stick game player Mark Sundberg, stick game player, dancer, canoe assistant Lisa Sundberg, dancer, jewelry maker Joy Sundberg, Northern California coordinator, lecturer Karok Tribe Charlie Thom, singer, drummer, dancer Jo Peters, 1923-, jewelry maker, basket maker, lecturer, Hoopa, California Tammy Peters, dancer, jewelry maker Laura George, guide, assistant Lorna Dodge, lecturer, guide, assistant Tolowa Tribe Billy Richards, dancer Mark Richards, dancer Nicole Richards, dancer Loren Bommelyn, 1956-, lead singer, Fort Dick, California Fred Moorehead, lead singer Betty Green, dance assistant Kim Richards, dancer Tonya Richards, dancer Ronnie Richards, dancer Marvin Richards, dancer Denise Lopez, dancer, guide Denise Richards, dancer, guide Pam Mattz, dancer Joan Richards, food sales Darlene Richards, food sales Lorene Richards, dancer William Richards, food sales Viola Richards, food sales Bill Bommelyn, dancer Walter Richards, singer Lila Moorehead, sand bread maker, cook Hupa Tribe Merve George, band leader, dancer Eleanor Abbott, language class leader Andy Andrioli, lecturer, guitar player, dancer Kim Yerton, dancer, learning center assistant Janice Yerton, learning center assistant Endora Saxson, dancer Mike Waterman, drummer Doug Duncan, lead guitar player George Disdy, guitar player Ann Taylor, assistant Pat Andrioli, assistant Paiute Tribe Joseph Saulque, lecturer, historian Film and Video Presentation Vern Korbe Carol Korbe Dick O'Rourke Lorraine O'Rourke Brian Tripp Dolly Tripp Daniel O'Rourke Klamath Tribe Leonard Norris, Jr., Coordinator Cecil L. Gallagher Nick Kimbal Charlie Bates Rhonda Jimenez LaNell L. Jackson Rose Mary Tree Top Jean Tina Bates Bill L. Jackson Anna Marie Jackson Valgene Teeman Marc McNair Tchinook Tribe of Oregon Karleen F. McKenzie Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Leslie Minthorn, Coordinator Quileute Tribe Robert Bojorcas, 1943-, Coordinator, Eugene, Oregon
- Collection Creator
- Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage
- See more items in
- Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1976 Festival of American Folklife
- Archival Repository
- Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections
- Identifier
- CFCH.SFF.1976, Series 6
- Type
- Archival materials
- Collection Citation
- Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1976 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.
- Collection Rights
- Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections. Please visit our website to learn more about submitting a request. The Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections make no guarantees concerning copyright or other intellectual property restrictions. Other usage conditions may apply; please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for more information.
- Collection Restrictions
- Access to the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections is by appointment only. Visit our website for more information on scheduling a visit or making a digitization request. Researchers interested in accessing born-digital records or audiovisual recordings in this collection must use access copies.
- Record ID
- ebl-1503510195028-1503510195378-8
