Teaching Machines and Mechanical Learning Resources

Useful publications on teaching machines, especially those of B.F. Skinner, include:

L.T. Benjamin, "A History of Teaching Machines," American Psychologist, 43, 1988, pp. 703-712.

J. Capshew, “Engineering Behavior: Project Pigeon, World War II, and the Conditioning of B. F. Skinner,” Technology and Culture, 1993, vol. 34, pp. 835-857.

P.A. Kidwell, A. Ackerberg-Hastings, and D.L. Roberts, Tools of American Mathematics Teaching, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010, esp. pp. 69-83.

John N. Marr, "Marian Breland Bailey: The Mouse Who Reinforced," The Arkansas Historical Quarterly, Spring, 2002, vol.61, #1, pp. 59-79.

S. Petrina, “Sidney Pressey and the Automation of Education, 1924-1934.” Technology and Culture, 2004, vol. 45, #. 2, pp. 305–330.

D. Tröhler, “The Technocratic Momentum after 1945, the Development of Teaching Machines, and Sobering Results.” Journal of Educational Media, Memory & Society, 2013, vol. 5, # 2, pp. 1–19.

Alexander Rutherford, Beyond the Box: B. F. Skinner’s Technology of Behavior from Laboratory to Life, 1950s–1970s, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. A version of the first chapter of this book was published by Rutherford as "B.F. Skinner's Technology of Behavior in American Life: From Consumer Culture to Counterculture," Journal of History of the Behavioral Sciences, 2003, vol. 39 #1, pp. 1-23.

Skinner published his autobiography in three parts, namely Particulars of My Life (New York: Knopf, 1976), The Shaping of a Behaviorist (New York: Knopf distributed by Random House,1979), and A Matter of Consequences (New York: Knopf,1983).